Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare fit of metal crown fabricated through conventional, Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) (3D printing) techniques. Materials and Methods: A lower typhodont molar tooth was prepared. The impression was made using elastomeric impression material. The impression was poured with type IV die stone. Molar die was prepared. Ten cobalt chromium crowns were prepared using lost wax technique. Then, the die was scanned using lab scanner (UP 3D Acublu, Germany) and the image was saved as a standard tesellation language (.stl) file in a CAD software (ExoCAD Matera, Germany). Crown was virtually designed and ten crowns were milled using cobalt chromium blocks. The same.stl file was sent to DMLS printer (Object Eden 260VS; Stratasys) and 30 crowns were printed using cobalt chromium powder with a 5 µm layering thickness. Silicone replica technique was used to measure the marginal and internal fit. Horizontal marginal fit was measured at eight different points on the sample. Then, the sample was sectioned mesiodistally and internal gap was measured at five different points. All the measurements were done in ×50 magnification of a stereolitho microscope. Results: The conventional group showed the highest mean internal and marginal gap of 90.37 µm and 73.05 µm, respectively. 3D-printed crowns showed lowest mean marginal and internal gap of 27.27 µm and 23.83 µm, respectively. Conclusion: Fit discrepancy of crowns fabricated through the three techniques was within clinically acceptable range. However, 3D-printed crowns showed the best fit.
Background: Occupational blood exposure accidents (OBEA) are harmful because they put the involved individual at risk of contracting infectious agents transported by the blood, such as human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Herpes viruses. Almost 385,000 health-care employees are exposed to such diseases each year. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess dental trainees’ knowledge and attitudes concerning OBEA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the Interns of VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur. Results: About 69.8% (60) interns did not know emergency measures in case of OBEA while 30.2% (26) interns were aware of them, 89.5% (77) interns did not have a history of an OBEA while 10.5% (9) interns had a history of an OBEA out of which 63.6% (6) interns had a history of an OBEA once, while 36.4% (3) had it twice. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude with regards to OBEA are moderately present among dental interns. Even then, there is a need for imparting knowledge by conducting awareness programs to upgrade the information regarding OBEA’s among dental under graduate students.
Background: There is a need for a unified pathway and structure for the respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Introduction: The long-term complications of COVID-19 pneumonia-pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, bronchial hyper-reactivity, and pleural effusion are real and need evaluation. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted in November 2020–January 2021 among the patients discharged from MES COVID hospital. Aim: The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary complications among discharged COVID-19 patients and to study the risk factors and long-term outcome of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID. Results: Out of the 300 patients studied, most common outcome was pulmonary fibrosis – 10.7%; followed by death (9%), pleural effusion (2%), bronchial hyper-reactivity (1.3%), pulmonary embolism (0.3%), anosmia (0.3%), pneumothorax (0.3%), and organizing pneumonia (0.3%). Conclusion: Most of the complications were seen among Cat-C patients, the most common being pulmonary fibrosis which showed a serial decrement in the chest X-ray scores suggesting favorable outcome.
Endodontic treatment is based upon feel not the sight; over the past few decades, technological advancements in endodontics have taken quantum leaps from conventional hand files to the rotary system and from the direct vision to the magnification. The clarity and details are achieved by magnification devices such as orascope, dental loupes, and dental operating microscope. In the recent years of advancements in magnification devices with increased magnification, illumination, unobstructed vision, smaller instruments, minimal trauma, and ergonomic benefits which helps in more technical accuracy and performance. Even though the use of microscope initially started in ophthalmology, its benefits in endodontic therapy which can be best performed under magnifications up to ×10–20 remains unparalleled. These benefits also extend to all the aspects of including conservative dentistry, non-surgical endodontic, surgical endodontic procedure. Barring the disadvantages of steep learning curve, cost, and maneuverability of the equipment, magnifications are definitely becoming an important aspect of the modern days dentistry, due to their numerous other benefits. The aim of this review for the magnification aids in endodontics was to describe in detail various magnifying devices, their use and the advantages and disadvantages in clinical, surgical, and conventional endodontic therapy with the recent innovation and technological advancement in magnifying.